Programming Cheatsheet

Command Line for Unix and Windows

Action	Unix	Windows	Notes
Print working directory	pwd	pwd
Change directory	cd	cd
Make directory	mkdir
List contents	ls	dir	-a to include hidden files
Remove directory	rmdir		Only works if directory is empty
Remove directory and contents	rm -rf
Create file	touch
Remove file	rm

Git

Action	Command	Notes
List local branches	git branch
Prune local branches	git fetch -p ; git branch -r | awk '{print $1}' | egrep -v -f /dev/fd/0 <(git branch -vv | grep origin) | awk '{print $1}' | xargs git branch -d	Link
Delete branch locally	git branch -d localBranchName
Delete branch remotely	git push origin --delete remoteBranchName
Reset the local branch to the most recent commit of the remote branch	git reset --hard origin/master	master in this case
Merge main branch into feature branch	git checkout feature && git merge main or git merge feature main	Creates a new “merge commit” in the feature branch that ties together the histories of both branches
Rebase the feature branch onto main	git checkout feature && git rebase main	Moves the entire feature branch to begin on the tip of the main branch, effectively incorporating all of the new commits in main

Docker

Action	Command	Notes
List images	docker image ls
List running containers	docker ps
List all containers	docker ps -a
Remove all docker things	docker system prune
Remove unused images	docker image prune
Remove non running containers	docker container prune
Get output from container	docker logs
Start a stopped container	docker start <container_id>
Stop container with SIGTERM	docker stop <container_id>
Stop container with SIGKILL	docker kill <container_id>
Run extra commands inside container	docker exec -it <container_id> <command>	-i makes stuff you type get set to the STDIN and back from the STDOUT and STDERR processes. -t makes it get show up on your screen in nicely formatted way
Copy file into container	docker cp <path> <container_id:path>

tmux

Remember shift key for lots of the characters in these commands

Action	Command	Notes
Install	sudo apt install tmux
Create new pane to the right	Ctrl+b %
Start	tmux
Create new pane below	Ctrl+b "
Navigate between panes	Ctrl+b → Ctrl+b ← Ctrl+b ↑ Ctrl+b ↓
Close current pane	exit
Create new window	Ctrl+b c
Switch to window by number	Ctrl+b [WINDOW NUMBER]
Rename current window	Ctrl+b , + [NEW NAME] + Enter
Close window	exit when there is only one pane left
Detach session	Ctrl+b d
List background sessions	tmux ls
Attach to session	tmux attach -t [SESSION NAME]
Rename session	tmux rename-session -t [CURRENT NAME] [NEW NAME]	name is 0, 1, etc by defualt.
Create new session	tmux new -s [SESSION NAME]	tmux names it after next number
Delete session	tmux kill-session -t [SESSION NAME]
Enter scroll mode in pane	Ctrl+b [	q to quit mode

Unix

Various Linux and/or MacOS things that I find myself forgetting how to do a lot

Commands

Action	Command	Notes
Add a directory to start of your PATH	export PATH=<DIRECTORY>:$PATH
Get the size of of a directory	du -sh <DIRECTORY>	See more
Change the ownership of a directory	sudo chown -R <username> <path>
Add new user	adduser <username>
Delete a user	sudo deluser --remove-home <username>
Add higher privileges	usermod -aG sudo <username>

Excel

Action	Mac	Windows	Notes
Go to first cell	Ctrl+home	Ctrl+home	On a MacOS laptop this means Ctrl+fn+left arrow. On a desktop keyboard there are home up and down arrows

Visual Studio Code

Shortcut	Description
shift+alt+arrow	Duplicate the line the cursor is on
cmd+alt+arrow	New cursor on line below or above current cursor
cmd+shift+L	Cursors on every occurance of highlighted text
cmd+g	Move cursor to next occurance of highlighted text
cmd+d	Highlight next occurance of highlighted text as well
ctrl+`	Open integrated terminal pane

Python

F Strings

Input	Output
f"{'text':10}"	"text\\\\\" (\ = whitespace)
f"{"test":#>10}"	"######test"
f"{"test":#<10}"	"test######"
f"{"test":#^10}"	"###test###"
f"{12345:0>10}"	"0000012345"
f"{-12345:0=10}"	"-000012345"
f"{12345:010}"	"0000012345"
f"{-12345:010}"	"-000012345"
f"{math.pi:.2f}"	"3.14"
f"{1000000:,.2f}"	"1,000,000.00"
f"{1000000:\_.2f}"	"1_000_000.00"
f"{12345:+}"	"+12345"
f"{-12345:+}"	"-12345"
f"{-12345:+10}"	"\\\\\-12345" (\ = whitespace)
f"{-12345:+010}"	"-000012345"
f"{10:b}"	"1010"
f"{10:o}"	"12"
f"{200:x}"	"c8"
f"{200:X}"	"C8"
f"{345600000000:e}"	"3.456000e+11"
f"{65:c}"	"A" (ASCII value)
f"{10:#b}"	"0b1010"
f"{10:#o}"	"0o12"
f"{10:#x}"	"0xa"
f"{0.25:0%}"	"25.000000%"
f"{0.25:.0%}"	"25%"